Technology Sharing

Hey fellow RC enthusiasts! Today, we're diving deep into Flysky's latest offerings - the PL18 Ultra and the PL18. These high-performance remote controllers are making waves in the RC community, so let's break down their features, differences, and what makes each one special. Key Features Overview Both models boast impressive specs designed for serious hobbyists: Display Quality PL18 Ultra: Features a 3.5" 320×480 full dot matrix color IPS touchscreen display for crystal-clear visuals. PL18: Utilizes a 3.5" HVGA TFT screen with 320×480 resolution, providing excellent clarity though slightly different technology. Assembly Seat PL18 Ultra: Equipped with a brand-new top-cover metal adjustable-travel Hall sensor assembly seat and Ratchet joystick with adjustable height for maximum comfort. PL18: Has a metal non-adjustable Hall sensor assembly seat, offering durability but less customization. Switch Configuration PL18 Ultra: Includes 8 multi-position switches, 8 sets of trim buttons, 2 knobs, 1 single-finger dial, and 2 rear dial wheels for extensive control options. PL18: Offers 6 multi-position switches, 2 self-locking buttons, 8 sets of trim buttons, 3 knobs, and 2 levers, providing slightly fewer control elements. Handle Design PL18 Ultra: Comes with a hardware two-position adjustable handle for personalized ergonomics. PL18: Features a hardware fixed handle for consistent handling. Connectivity PL18 Ultra: Equipped with a Stealth I/O high-frequency interface and Type-C USB for modern connectivity. PL18: Includes a standard Micro-USB port for data transfer. Antenna Design Both models feature built-in dual antennas for reliable signal transmission. Battery Specifications PL18 Ultra: Boasts an 8700mAh 1S lithium battery with a slip cover for quick battery removal. PL18: Utilizes a 4300mAh 1S lithium battery, offering different battery life considerations. Additional Functionality When it comes to advanced features, both controllers deliver: Flight Modes: Both support 5 flight modes for versatile operation. Data Recording: Each model includes data recording functionality (note: PL18 may require latest firmware). Dual Receiver Support: Both support dual-receiver functionality for enhanced reliability. i-BUS2 Function: Compatible with various Flysky modules (FS-IBA01, FS-IBS01, FS-IBT01, FS-IBC01, FS-IBG01). Remote Control Performance Both controllers offer impressive performance metrics: Weight: PL18 Ultra (1002g) vs PL18 (966g) Remote Control Distance: Both exceed 3500m Number of Channels: Both support 18 channels Model Data Capacity: PL18 Ultra (50 sets) vs PL18 (20 sets) Battery Life Considerations PL18 Ultra: Up to 16 hours (normal power mode) or 7 hours (max power mode) PL18: 8 hours of battery life The PL18 Ultra also supports both wired charging (18W) and wireless charging (12W), while the PL18 supports USB charging. Software Features Both controllers offer: Support for Chinese/English language switching Logic switch functions Coaching functionality Open-source/closed-source firmware switching options Which One Should You Choose? The Flysky PL18 Ultra is ideal for users seeking maximum customization, longer battery life, and more advanced connectivity options. Its adjustable components and larger battery capacity make it suitable for extended flight sessions and complex setups. The PL18, while slightly lighter, offers comparable performance with a more streamlined design. It's perfect for hobbyists who value durability and essential features without the extra customization options. No matter which model you choose, both Flysky PL18 Ultra and PL18 deliver high-quality performance for RC enthusiasts of all levels. Whether you're a professional seeking precision control or a hobbyist looking to upgrade your gear, these controllers will enhance your RC experience. Stay tuned for more RC gear comparisons and reviews!Lear More About PL18 Ultra Details

Selecting the optimal receiver for your RC aircraft is critical for performance, reliability, and safety. Flysky offers diverse receivers tailored to specific RC applications, but choosing incorrectly can lead to signal loss, compatibility issues, or unnecessary weight. This guide breaks down Flysky’s key models—FTr12B, FTr8B, Tr8B, TMr, INr6-HS, and FTr10—to help you make an informed, professional choice. Why Your Receiver Choice Matters A receiver acts as the "nerve center" between your transmitter and aircraft. Key factors to consider: Aircraft Type: Fixed-wing, drone, or glider? Size/Weight Constraints: Critical for micro or competition models. Channel Requirements: More channels = more control surfaces/sensors. Telemetry Needs: Altitude, speed, or voltage monitoring? Signal Protocol: Compatibility with your transmitter (e.g., i-BUS, S.BUS). Flysky Receiver Comparison: Key Specifications Here’s a high-level overview of Flysky’s top aircraft receivers: Model Best For Weight Dimensions (L×W×H) Channels Voltage Range Antenna Type Key Features FTr12B Large fixed-wing 15g 39×32×15mm 12 3.5–9.0V IPEX1 (2.46g copper) Supports all signals¹, 18ch RF modes FTr10 Fixed-wing w/ telemetry 22g 52×28×22mm 10 3.5–9.0V IPEX1 Built-in altimeter, i-BUS2 support FTr8B Fixed-wing/boats 11g 46.5×23.8×14.8mm 8 3.5–12V IPEX1 Wide voltage, classic RF INr6-HS Light fixed-wing 3.0g 18×16.8×6.0mm² 6 3.5–12V IPEX4 Ultra-lightweight, high-speed compatible Tr8B Micro DLG/indoor 0.9g 19.5×14.6×3mm 8 3.5–12V IPEX4 Auto-bind, 0.9g (excl. antennas) TMr FPV drones 0.9g 16×12×2mm 1 3.5–12V IPEX4 Miniaturized for drones, PWM/S.BUS *Notes:¹ Signals: i-BUS2/i-BUS/S.BUS/PPM/PWM.² Weight excludes pins/antennas.* Go to buy correct receivers: Buy FTr12B Buy FTr8B Buy Tr8B Buy TMr Buy FTr10   How to Match a Receiver to Your Aircraft 1. Fixed-Wing Aircraft (Standard) FTr10: Ideal if you need telemetry (built-in altimeter) and 10 channels. FTr12B: Choose for complex planes (12 channels) with multi-sensor support (voltage, temperature, GPS). FTr8B: Budget-friendly for mid-sized planes. Handles boats too. 2. FPV Drones & Quadcopters TMr: The go-to for drones. At just 0.9g and 16×12×2mm, it fits micro builds. Supports S.BUS for clean wiring. 3. Gliders, Micro & Indoor Models Tr8B: Perfect for discus-launch gliders (DLGs) or indoor aerobatics. At 0.9g, it won’t weigh down featherlight builds. INr6-HS: Suits lightweight fixed-wing. High-speed compatible for responsive control. 4. Sensor & Telemetry Requirements Altitude/Speed: FTr10 (built-in altimeter) or FTr12B (supports FS-IBA01/FS-CAT01 sensors). Voltage/Temp: FTr12B (FS-CVT01/FS-IBT01 compatible). Expansion: FTr12B works with FS-IBH07 hub for extra channels. Critical Technical Considerations Voltage Range: Most handle 3.5–12V, but FTr12B/FTr10 max at 9V. Match to your BEC. Antenna Type: IPEX1 (FTr12B/FTr10/FTr8B): Durable copper tube antenna (11–12cm). Optimal for larger models. IPEX4 (Tr8B/TMr/INr6-HS): Smaller, suited for carbon-fiber-friendly micro builds. RF System: FTr12B: 3 modes (Routine 18ch/LoRa 12ch/Fast 8ch) for range/speed tradeoffs. FTr8B: Classic 18ch or C-Fast 10ch for reduced latency. Pro Tips for Installation Binding: Most use a bind button; only Tr8B offers auto-bind. Weight Savings: For micro builds, Tr8B (0.9g) or INr6-HS (3.0g) are unmatched. Drone Builds: TMr’s 2mm profile minimizes drag in tight frames. Conclusion: Prioritize Your Aircraft’s Needs Flysky receivers cover everything from palm-sized drones to competition gliders. Remember: Complex fixed-wing? → FTr12B or FTr10 (for telemetry). Racing drone? → TMr. Weight-sensitive DLG? → Tr8B. Mid-range plane? → FTr8B or INr6-HS. Always cross-check your transmitter’s protocol (e.g., i-BUS vs. S.BUS) and voltage requirements. By matching your aircraft’s size, purpose, and telemetry needs to Flysky’s specialized receivers, you’ll ensure rock-solid signal integrity and peak performance.

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Rev up your RC experience! Choosing the right Electronic Speed Controller (ESC) is critical for unlocking peak performance, whether you're shredding the track, conquering rocky trails, or sending huge air at the bash spot. Hobbywing's G3 and G3X series represent the pinnacle of brushless ESC technology, but which powerhouse is right for your ride? At Soarsky RC, we break down the key differences and highlights to help you dominate. G3 vs. G3X: Understanding the Lineup Think of the G3 series as the flagship competition line, engineered for maximum performance and tunability. The G3X series, while incredibly powerful, is the pro-level value champion, offering exceptional core performance with slight concessions on some premium features found in the G3. Both are leagues ahead of older generations and most competitors! Head-to-Head: Performance & Specs Feature Hobbywing G3 Series (e.g., XR10 Pro) Hobbywing G3X Series (e.g., XR10 Pro G3X) Target User Serious Racers, Tuners, Max Performance Pro-Level Bashers, Crawlers, Value Seekers Case Premium CNC Machined Aluminum High-Strength Engineering Plastic Input Leads Pre-soldered High-Gauge Wire Solderless Bullet Connectors (Major Advantage!) Data Logging Advanced Onboard (Detailed Metrics) Basic Throttle/RPM Logging BEC Voltage Fully Adjustable (6.0V - 8.4V) Pre-set Options (6.0V, 7.4V, 8.4V) Tuning Extremely Granular (via Program Box) Highly Adjustable (via Program Box) Weight Slightly Heavier Slightly Lighter Price Point Premium Exceptional Value   Go to Hobbywing G3 ESC page Go to Hobbywing G3X ESC page Deep Dive: Highlights & What Sets Them Apart Raw Power & Efficiency (Shared Strength): Both G3 and G3X deliver insane power delivery and superior efficiency thanks to Hobbywing's latest G3 generation technology. Experience instantaneous throttle response, incredible torque, and smooth cog-free starts (especially with sensored motors). Excellent compatibility with 2S LiPo, 3S LiPo, 4S LiPo, and even 6S LiPo packs (model dependent) for 1/10 scale buggies, truggies, short course trucks (SCT), rock crawlers, and 1/8 scale monsters. Advanced Firmware algorithms ensure optimal performance for sensored brushless motors and smooth control. Durability & Build: G3 (Aluminum Armor): The CNC aluminum case provides superior heat dissipation and rugged protection against impacts and debris – ideal for the harshest off-road racing conditions and serious RC bashing. G3X (Smart & Tough Plastic): Don't underestimate the G3X case! Hobbywing uses top-tier engineering plastic offering excellent impact resistance and good cooling at a lighter weight. Perfect for demanding bashers, crawlers, and those wanting a weight saving. User Experience & Tuning: G3 (The Tuner's Dream): Features like advanced data logging (track motor temp, RPM, voltage sag, throttle usage) are invaluable for competitive racers fine-tuning setups. Fully adjustable BEC voltage allows precise servo power matching. Requires the Hobbywing Program Box (sold separately) for deep customization (punch control, drag brake, boost timing, turbo timing). G3X (Plug-and-Play Powerhouse): Offers highly adjustable settings via the Program Box (throttle curve, brake force, drag brake, punch, LiPo cutoff etc.), but lacks the granularity and data logging of the G3. The huge win is the solderless bullet connectors – swap motors or install incredibly easily! Pre-set BEC voltages simplify setup. The Value Proposition: G3: You pay a premium for the ultimate in performance, tunability, durability, and race-focused features (like data logging). Worth every penny for those chasing podiums. G3X: Delivers 90%+ of the G3's core performance and durability at a significantly more accessible price point. The solderless connectors are a massive usability bonus for bashers and crawlers. Arguably the best performance-per-dollar ESC in its class. Go to Hobbywing G3 ESC page Go to Hobbywing G3X ESC page Who Should Choose What? Grab the Hobbywing G3 (e.g., XR10 Pro) if you: Are a competitive racer in 1/10 off-road, touring car, or 1/8 buggy/truggy. Demand the absolute highest performance and finest tuning control. Utilize data logging to analyze and perfect your setup. Need the ultimate durability for extreme conditions. Want fully adjustable BEC for high-voltage servos. Grab the Hobbywing G3X (e.g., XR10 Pro G3X) if you: Are a serious basher, rock crawler, or scale enthusiast. Want pro-level power and reliability without the flagship price tag. Value incredible ease of installation with solderless connectors. Don't need advanced data logging but still want powerful tuning options. Seek the best RC upgrade for performance and value. Go to Hobbywing G3 ESC page Go to Hobbywing G3X ESC page Dominate with Confidence at Soarsky RC! Whether you crave the race-winning edge of the Hobbywing G3 or the unbeatable bashing value of the Hobbywing G3X, Soarsky RC has you covered. Both series represent the cutting edge in brushless ESC technology, offering superior throttle control, brutal power, and Hobbywing reliability. Ready to unleash the full potential of your RC car, truck, or crawler? Browse our extensive selection of Hobbywing ESCs, sensored brushless motors, LiPo batteries, and RC upgrades today. Find the perfect G3 or G3X ESC to match your driving style and budget – only at Soarsky RC!

Today, I want to share some insights about the Flysky Paladin PL18 Ultra remote control. This is an upgraded version of the AFDHS3 generation, built on the PL18. It not only retains many of the PL18's cool features, such as the metal panel and digital Hall Gimbal, but also addresses many ergonomic issues. I plan to share my experiences with you all. The Flysky Paladin PL18 Ultra model remote control stands at the forefront of the model remote control industry, thanks to its AFHDS 3 protocol, 18-channel communication, robust customization capabilities, intuitive and efficient user interface, and outstanding expandability and compatibility. Whether you are a professional model athlete, an experienced enthusiast, or a newcomer to the model world, the PL18 Ultra offers exceptional control experience and flying enjoyment.

Steering is everything in RC. Whether you're threading through a technical rock crawl, drifting around a corner, or blasting down the straight, a responsive, powerful, and reliable servo is your direct link to control. Choosing the right one can transform your driving experience from frustrating to phenomenal. But with specs flying around like torque numbers and speed ratings, how do you pick the perfect servo for your RC car? Let’s break it down. Why Your Servo Choice Matters Your servo converts your transmitter's signals into precise physical movement of your steering linkage. A weak or slow servo leads to: Sluggish Response: Delayed steering inputs ruin cornering and control. Centering Issues: The wheels don't return accurately to center, causing instability. Stripped Gears: Insufficient torque under load damages internal components. Poor Holding Power: Wheels get knocked off line easily by bumps or terrain. Key Servo Specs Explained: What to Look For Torque (kg/cm or oz/in): This is the rotational force the servo can exert. Higher torque is essential for: Larger, heavier vehicles (1/8 scale, monster trucks) Vehicles with large, grippy tires Off-road applications (bashing, crawling, rock racing) Overcoming binding or friction in the steering system. Speed (sec/60°): This measures how quickly the servo arm can rotate 60 degrees. Faster speed is crucial for: High-speed racing (on-road, buggy, truggy) Drifting (requires rapid steering corrections) Any discipline demanding quick, precise inputs. Voltage (V): Most modern servos are rated for higher voltages (6.0V, 7.4V, even 8.4V). Running a servo at its rated higher voltage significantly boosts both its torque AND speed. Ensure your receiver and power system (BEC) can deliver the required voltage. Gear Type: Plastic/Nylon: Lightweight, quieter, cheaper. Best for lightweight on-road cars or very low-stress applications. Prone to stripping under shock load. Metal Gears (Steel, Titanium, Aluminum): Essential for durability in demanding applications (bashing, crawling, racing). Handles impacts and high loads much better. Slightly noisier. Case Material: Plastic: Lighter, cheaper. Can flex under extreme loads. Aluminum: Provides superior rigidity, heat dissipation, and overall durability. Highly recommended for high-performance and heavy-duty use. Size & Form Factor: Ensure the servo physically fits your chassis! Common standards are: Standard Size: Fits most 1/10 touring, buggy, monster truck, and crawler chassis. Low Profile: Designed for specific chassis with limited vertical space. Mini/Micro: For smaller vehicles (1/16, 1/18 scale). Bearing(s): Output shafts supported by bearings (especially ball bearings) provide smoother operation, less slop, and better centering accuracy compared to simple bushings. Programmability (Optional but Useful): Higher-end servos may allow adjusting: End Points: Prevents the servo from straining against the physical steering limits. Center Point: Fine-tunes neutral position. Dead Band: Adjusts sensitivity around the center point. Response Speed: Can sometimes slightly tailor the feel. Matching the Servo to Your RC Application On-Road Touring/Drift (1/10 Scale): Prioritize high speed (0.08s - 0.12s @ 6.0V) and good centering. Moderate torque (10-15kg/cm) is usually sufficient. Aluminum case preferred. Off-Road Buggy/Truggy (1/8 & 1/10 Racing): Needs a balance of high torque (20-35kg/cm+) and fast speed (0.10s - 0.15s). Rigid aluminum case and metal gears are mandatory. High-voltage capability is key. Monster Truck/Bashing: Extreme torque (25-45kg/cm+) is paramount to handle big tires and impacts. Speed is secondary (0.15s - 0.20s). Must have robust metal gears and an aluminum case. High voltage essential. Crawling/Rock Racing: Requires massive torque (35-60kg/cm+) at low speeds to precisely maneuver over obstacles and hold position. Waterproofing is highly recommended. Metal gears and aluminum case standard. Speed is less critical (0.18s+). PowerHD GTS-2: A High-Performance Contender When seeking that ideal blend of speed, torque, and durability for demanding applications like 1/8 buggy/truggy racing, monster truck bashing, or competitive crawling, the PowerHD GTS-2 stands out as a compelling option. Let's see how it stacks up against some common competitors in its class.[Go to GTS-2 servo page] Servo Specification Comparison: Feature PowerHD GTS-2 Brand X Mid-Torque Race Brand Y Monster Basher Brand Z Premium Crawler Torque 33.0 kg/cm @ 7.4V 25.0 kg/cm @ 7.4V 40.0 kg/cm @ 7.4V 45.0 kg/cm @ 7.4V Speed 0.12 sec/60° @7.4V 0.09 sec/60° @7.4V 0.18 sec/60° @7.4V 0.20 sec/60° @7.4V Voltage Range 4.8V - 7.4V 4.8V - 7.4V 6.0V - 8.4V 6.0V - 8.4V Gear Type Aluminum & Steel Titanium & Aluminum Steel Steel Case Rigid Aluminum Aluminum Aluminum Aluminum Bearing(s) Dual Ball Bearings Dual Ball Bearings Dual Ball Bearings Dual Ball Bearings Programmable Yes (End Points) Yes (Multi-Function) Limited Yes (Multi-Function) Best Suited For 1/8 Racing, MT, Crawling 1/10-1/8 On-Road/Drift Heavy Bashing Technical Crawling Why the PowerHD GTS-2 Excels: Exceptional Torque/Speed Balance: The GTS-2 hits a sweet spot with 33kg/cm of torque and a blistering 0.12s speed at 7.4V. This makes it incredibly versatile, offering ample strength for demanding steering setups without sacrificing the rapid response needed for racing or quick corrections. Robust Construction: Featuring a rigid aluminum case and high-strength aluminum and steel gears, the GTS-2 is built to withstand the rigors of off-road punishment, big jumps, and high-force steering loads. High-Voltage Ready: Operating optimally at 7.4V, it unlocks its full performance potential, significantly outperforming its specs at lower voltages like 6.0V. Precision Engineering: Dual ball bearings ensure smooth operation, minimal slop, and accurate centering for precise control. Essential Programmability: Adjustable end points allow you to perfectly match the servo's throw to your specific steering setup, preventing binding and maximizing servo lifespan. Competitive Value: The GTS-2 delivers premium performance (aluminum case, high torque/speed, programmability) often found at a very attractive price point compared to some top-tier brands.[Go to GTS-2 servo page] Making Your Final Choice: Beyond Just Specs While the table provides a clear comparison, remember: Your Specific Needs: Be honest about how and where you drive. A dedicated crawler might need more torque than the GTS-2, while a pure speed-run car might prioritize ultimate speed over brute strength. Steering System Setup: Ensure your servo saver is properly adjusted and your linkages are smooth and free of binding. Even the best servo struggles with a poorly maintained system. A high-torque servo can sometimes mask minor issues, but fixing the root cause is always better. Power Supply: Verify your ESC's BEC (Battery Eliminator Circuit) can deliver the required voltage (ideally 7.4V for the GTS-2) and sufficient current (Amps) consistently. An external BEC is often a worthwhile upgrade for high-performance digital servos. Budget: The GTS-2 offers outstanding performance per dollar, but set a realistic budget that aligns with your commitment level.[Go to GTS-2 servo page] Upgrade Your Control, Upgrade Your Fun Choosing the right servo isn't just about buying the strongest or fastest; it's about matching precision engineering to your driving style and vehicle demands. Understanding torque, speed, voltage, and construction empowers you to make an informed decision. For RC enthusiasts seeking a powerful, fast, and incredibly durable servo that excels across a wide range of demanding applications – from competitive 1/8 buggy racing to aggressive monster truck bashing and serious crawling – the PowerHD GTS-2 presents a compelling blend of performance, robustness, and value. Its impressive torque/speed balance at 7.4V, rigid aluminum construction, and essential programmability make it a standout choice to transform your steering response and overall driving confidence.[Go to GTS-2 servo page] Ready to experience sharper steering and unstoppable control? Explore the full range of high-performance servos, including the PowerHD GTS-2, at Soarsky RC! We stock the best brands to power your passion. [Go to GTS-2 servo page] Find Your Perfect Servo Match at Soarsky RC Today!

For RC hobbyists and professionals, a reliable radio controller is the backbone of every successful flight or drive. Flysky, a trusted name in RC technology, has consistently delivered high-quality transmitters, and the Flysky FS-ST16 stands as a testament to their innovation. In this blog, we’ll dive into the key upgrades of the FS-ST16 over the FS-ST8 and explain why this model is a game-changer for RC enthusiasts. Flysky FS-ST16 vs. FS-ST8: What’s New? The FS-ST16 isn’t just an incremental update—it’s a leap forward in functionality and user experience. Here’s how it outshines the FS-ST8: 1. Expanded Channel Capacity FS-ST16: Boasts 16 channels for unparalleled control over complex RC systems (drones, planes, cars, and more). FS-ST8: Limited to 8 channels, restricting advanced setups.Why it matters: More channels mean better customization for multi-servo setups, gimbals, and accessories like lights or winches. 2. Intuitive Touchscreen Interface FS-ST16: Features a 3.5-inch full-color touchscreen with customizable menus and real-time telemetry data. FS-ST8: Relies on a basic monochrome LCD screen with manual navigation buttons.Why it matters: The touchscreen simplifies adjustments mid-flight and offers a modern, user-friendly experience. 3. Enhanced Battery Life & Power Options FS-ST16: Uses a rechargeable 2000mAh Li-ion battery (6+ hours of runtime) and supports USB-C charging. FS-ST8: Requires 6x AA batteries, adding weight and recurring costs.Why it matters: Save money long-term and enjoy uninterrupted sessions with the FS-ST16’s efficient power system. 4. Upgraded Firmware & Compatibility FS-ST16: Supports AFHDS 2A and 3A protocols for ultra-stable signal transmission (up to 1000m range). FS-ST8: Uses older AFHDS protocol with shorter range and less interference resistance.Why it matters: Fly with confidence in crowded signal environments and pair with newer Flysky receivers. 5. Ergonomic Design & Customization FS-ST16: Improved grip texture, adjustable stick tension, and programmable switches/knobs. FS-ST8: Basic ergonomics with fewer customization options.Why it matters:* Comfort and adaptability during long sessions or competitive events. Why Choose the Flysky FS-ST16? Future-Proof Performance: With 16 channels and firmware updates, the FS-ST16 grows with your skills. Professional-Grade Precision: Ideal for FPV drones, racing, and aerial photography. Cost Efficiency: No AA batteries needed—invest once and enjoy long-term savings. What Users Are Saying “The FS-ST16’s touchscreen made setup a breeze. The range is insane compared to my old ST8!” – Mark T., Drone Racer“Finally, a transmitter that doesn’t lag when I’m adjusting settings mid-air.” – Sarah L., RC Enthusiast Upgrade to the FS-ST16 Today! Whether you’re a seasoned pilot or upgrading from the FS-ST8, the Flysky FS-ST16 delivers the precision, power, and flexibility you need. Ready to take control? Shop the Flysky FS-ST16 at Soarsky RC

FPV Drone Motor – A Driving Force! The selection of an electric FPV Drone Motor has a significant impact on the flight characteristics of the multicopter. Minor differences in the construction of a motor can lead to substantial effects on the weight, responsiveness, and overall power of the multicopter.   Electromagnetism The fundamental principle underlying the operation of both brushed and brushless DC motors is that of electromagnetism. Both motor designs inherently utilize an electromagnet as a mechanism for converting electrical energy into mechanical energy. Upon the electrical excitation of an electromagnet, a magnetic field is generated. This transient magnetic field engages with the magnetic fields of the permanent magnets situated within the motor. The interplay of attraction and repulsion between the electromagnet and the permanent magnets results in the rotational movement of the motor shaft. Brushless and Brushed, What’s the Difference? The principle behind brushless and brushed motors is very similar. When an electric current is passed through the windings of the motor, magnets distributed within the motor are attracted or repelled. The repetitive repulsion and attraction of the magnets translates into a revolution of the shaft. This allows the motor to spin an attached propeller at extremely high speeds, in turn, producing thrust. Brushed FPV Drone Motor The operational principle of a brushed motor is diametrically opposed to that of a brushless FPV drone motor. In the context of a brushed motor, the stator generates a permanent magnetic field that envelops the rotor. The rotor, which functions as an electromagnet, is subject to the influence of the surrounding stator. A pair of brushes, connected to a DC power source, make contact with the commutator ring situated at the base of the rotor. The commutator ring, being segmented, facilitates the periodic reversal of the current flowing through the rotor as it rotates, due to the commutator's alternating polarity. The oscillation of the commutator ring's polarity ensures a continuous rotation of the rotor.   This entire mechanism is housed within a motor casing, which offers superior protection for the sensitive internal components. However, the efficiency of the system is somewhat diminished due to the increased thermal insulation of the internal mechanics. It is feasible to reverse the rotational direction of the motor by inverting the polarity of the DC power supply. Owing to the brushes' contact with the commutator, the lifespan of a brushed motor is significantly shorter when compared to that of a brushless motor. In terms of application, a brushed motor is more aptly suited for micro class multicopters, where its diminutive size, light weight, and straightforward driving mechanism enhance its suitability for micro FPV flight operations. Brushless FPV Drone Motor True to its name, a brushless FPV drone motor is devoid of brushes. The brushless motor can be logically partitioned into two distinct components; the rotor and the stator. The stator serves as the central unit into which the rotor is affixed. The stator comprises a network of radial electromagnets that sequentially activate and deactivate to generate a transient magnetic field when an electric current is applied to the windings. The rotor houses a series of permanent magnets that are positioned in close proximity to the semi-permanent stator electromagnets. The attractive and repulsive forces between the stator and rotor magnets are converted into rotational energy. Upon assembly, the rotor shaft is inserted into a pair of ball bearings located within the stator, ensuring a linear and smooth rotation of the rotor.   Although the brushless motor is energized by direct current, it cannot be operated directly. Instead, the brushless motor is connected to control electronics, effectively obviating the necessity for brushes or a commutator. The longevity of the brushless motor is exceptional due to the absence of physical contact between the rotor and the stator. Additionally, the brushless motor exhibits greater efficiency when compared to the brushed motor. The brushless motor is widely utilized in mini and select micro multicopter applications, where emphasis is placed on high power output and efficiency. Motor Sizing and Identification The dimensions of a brushless motor are denoted by a four-digit code that specifies the stator's measurements in millimeters, for instance: 2206. The initial two digits in the sequence denote the diameter of the stator, in this instance, 22mm. The subsequent two digits represent the height of the stator, with "06" indicating that the stator unit measures 6mm in height. It is imperative to note that these figures do not describe the external dimensions of the brushless motor itself. The size of a brushed motor can be identified through a simpler two number system that clearly defines the diameter and height of the exterior can in millimetres. Example: 6×15, the first number “6” is a measurement of the cans diameter and “15” the height of the can. Mounting Patterns and Thread Size Mounting patterns and thread sizing is dependent on the type of motor and its application. The mounting pattern defines the positioning of the threaded bolt holes on the base of the motor. Each number describes the diameter of a circle with its centre placed in the middle of the motor shaft. Usually, four holes are placed along the circumference of the circle, if two numbers are given, two holes are placed on each circle. For example, a 2205 with 16×19 spacing will have four M3 size threaded holes distributed evenly on both the circumference of the 16mm circle and 19mm circle. The dimensions of the threaded shaft are given by an ISO screw thread rating, which describes the outer diameter of the shaft. 220X – 240X Most often a 16x19mm mounting pattern is used, however, 16×16 is becoming increasingly common. The threaded holes are M3. The threaded shaft diameter is usually M5. 180X Usually a 16×12 mounting pattern, threaded holes are M2 and M5 threaded shaft diameter is typical. 130X – 140X Commonly 12×12, the threaded holes are M2 and a M5 threaded shaft is typical. 110X Often 9×9, threaded holes are typically measured as M2. The shaft is not threaded and usually measures 1.5mm in diameter. Motors in this size class also have an additional set of holes on the top of the motor bell. The hole spacing is 5mm and each hole is 2mm in diameter. The purpose of these holes is for secure mounting of the propeller, as a lock nut is absent. Why doesn’t the Bell fly off? As discussed earlier, the rotor of a brushless FPV drone motor is compiled of a circular array of magnets and a central shaft. When the motor is assembled, the shaft protrudes from the base of the motor. Here it is either secured by a circlip or tightly bolted in place. Circlips are most commonly used, however, bolts are becoming increasingly popular. Although the circlip has been the primary choice, maintenance can be frustrating due to the difficulty of removal. The circlip is fragile and minuscule in size, causing it to be easily broken or lost. The Velocity Constant — How fast a Motor Spins   kV=RPM per 1 Volt k = The kV rating of the motor e.g. 2300 V = Voltage input e.g. 16.8v Example: 2300(kV rating) X 16.8(Voltage) = 38,640(Revolutions Per Minute)   The velocity constant (kV) determines how many rotations a motor can make within a minute without a load (no propeller) and at a constant current of 1 Volt. Simply, kV is a representation of how fast the motor can potentially spin. The kV of a motor is defined by the strength of the magnetic field at the stator and the amount of turns in the windings. A motor with a lower kV is best suited for efficiently driving heavy propellers. A high kV motor is optimized for lightweight propellers. Thrust Thrust is one of the key factors to consider when choosing a motor. The thrust output of a motor is usually measured in grams and varies depending on how fast the motor is spinning and the propeller that it is rotating. Before a multicopter can begin to accelerate, a certain amount of thrust is required to overcome drag, as well as the pull of gravity. Weight and FPV Drone Motor Momentum When selecting a motor, it’s not all about thrust numbers. The weight of the motor should also be considered, as it has a significant impact on the flight characteristics of the multicopter. Due to the moment of inertia, a heavier motor will be more resistant to changes in acceleration than a lighter motor. The primary issue with a heavy multicopter motor being resistant of acceleration is that it will provide inaccurate flight characteristics and poor responsiveness once in the air. If maneuverability is a priority, a lightweight motor is an exemplary choice. On the other hand, an application in which maximum all-out speed is a must; larger motors will be able to provide the higher thrust numbers that are required. FPV Drone Motor Response Time Torque is a measurement of how quickly a motor can reach a certain RPM, directly affecting the responsiveness of a motor. Torque allows a multicopter to briskly maneuver through flips and rolls, additionally improving the accuracy of these movements. The amount of torque a motor can output also influences propeller selection. Heavier props will require more torque to accelerate than lighter props. The best gauge for motor torque is the dimensions of the stator. Larger stators tend to be capable of producing greater torque. Although, a larger stator will increase the total weight of the motor. FPV Drone Motor Efficiency Motor efficiency is a balancing act, requiring an equilibrium to be struck between the electrical power entering the motor and the mechanical power being produced by the motor as it spins. The importance of motor efficiency varies based on the situation. If high speed is prioritized, short flight times are often seen to be acceptable; FPV quadcopter races may only last for two minutes! In the contrary, long-range FPV multicopters require maximum efficiency to achieve longer flight times, increasing the distance that can be travelled. Conclusion Motors are arguably the most influential piece of equipment on a multicopter, having a considerable impact on flight characteristics relative to other components. It is essential that motors are carefully selected with adequate appropriateness for their application.

  FS-ZCZ-STW01 assembly seat is a potentiometer steering wheel assembly seat. This assembly seat simulates the control angle of a real car steering wheel and can provide a simulated driving experience. This assembly seat is compatible with transmitters such as FS-ST8 and FS-i6S. This article mainly introduces how to use FS-ZCZ-STW01 with FS-I6S/FS-ST8. Adaptation and compatibility reference table TX Install on the left joystick Install on the right joystick Does the transmitter support joystick calibration Steps FS-ST8 No need to adjust the joystick line sequence Need to adjust the joystick line sequence Supported Need to flash the potentiometer version firmware FS-I4 / / / ODM/OEM FS-I4X / / / ODM/OEM FS-I6 / / / ODM/OEM FS-I6X Need to adjust the joystick line sequence No need to adjust the joystick line sequence Not supported Need to adjust the joystick line sequence FS-I6S Need to adjust the joystick line sequence No need to adjust the joystick line sequence Supported Need to adjust the joystick line sequence FS-ST8 potentiometer version firmware:https://www.flysky-cn.com/st8-downloads Installation video reference link:https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SLNPjMSDlDwLearn More FS-ST8 line sequence adjustment diagram FS-I6S line sequence adjustment diagram Calibration steps: Before calibration, make sure the transmitter has entered the joystick calibration mode (the method can be found in the transmitter manual) 1. Enter the calibration mode: Use a slender tool to press the self-reset button calibration hole for 3 seconds, and the turn signals on both sides are always on. 2. Center calibration: Short press the self-reset button once, the turn signal flashes once, and the center calibration is completed. 3. Minimum/maximum calibration: Short press twice → the turn signal flashes twice (minimum calibration); short press 3 times → the turn signal flashes 3 times (maximum calibration) 4. Exit calibration: Press the calibration hole for 3 seconds, and the turn signal is completely off. 5. Steering wheel calibration: Release after turning left and right, and the steering wheel will complete the minimum and maximum calibration. Note: If the calibration fails, repeat the above steps; FS-I6, FS-I4 and other models need to be used with the factory, and do not support user calibration. Frequently Asked Questions 1. Which models are compatible? A: Car, ship models, etc.   2. How many turns can the steering wheel make? A: 1.5 turns 540° on each side (total 1080°), simulating the feel of a real car   3. Is the connection cable standard? A: Users need to prepare or DIY, and it is recommended to use a 1.5mm terminal cable (length: 10cm)   4. Will the battery life be affected after installation? A: Low power design, with FS-ST8 using Nanfu batteries, the battery life is ≥20 hours   5. Can the resistance of the steering wheel assist device be adjusted? A: Manual adjustment is not supported; its preset resistance has optimized the one-handed operation experience. If greater resistance is required, you can try to install an anti-slip pad   6. Can it be adapted to non-Fushi brand potentiometer transmitters? A: If the installation holes of the transmitter assembly seat are consistent, you can physically install and use the basic steering function, but the calibration function and turn signal prompt may not be compatible   7. Does it support firmware upgrades? A: No Learn More